Article summary
Abstract
Mahatma Gandhi’s educational philosophy was deeply connected with his broader
philosophy of life, which emphasized truth, non-violence, fearlessness, self-discipline,
social responsibility, and moral development. He strongly criticized the colonial system
of education in India for being detached from Indian social realities, local culture,
family life, and the economic needs of the people. Gandhi believed that true national
education should be accessible to all, imparted through the mother tongue, and closely
related to the learner’s home environment and everyday life. He emphasized the
importance of competent teachers with high moral character and advocated free
education under the control of the people. His concept of Basic Education, later known
as Nai Talim, sought to integrate intellectual development with productive work,
practical skills, ethical values, and social awareness. The Wardha Scheme of Education
of 1937 represented an important attempt to translate Gandhian educational ideas
into an indigenous system suitable for Indian conditions. Gandhi considered education
not merely a means of earning a livelihood but a process of developing the whole
personality and preparing individuals for responsible participation in society. His
educational thought continues to offer significant insights into value-based, mother
tongue-centred, self-reliant, and life-oriented education.