Article summary
Abstract
Space diplomacy has become an important instrument of international cooperation in an era marked by rapid expansion of space activities and growing global interdependence. It involves diplomatic, political, scientific, and technological interactions among state and non-state actors aimed at ensuring the peaceful use of outer space and promoting shared benefits. This paper examines how space diplomacy contributes to regional and global welfare through capacity building, technology transfer, norm creation, and cooperative governance mechanisms. It analyses the role of international institutions, treaties, and regional initiatives in enhancing security, scientific advancement, economic development, and trust among nations. The study further highlights how space based cooperation supports the provision of global public goods such as environmental monitoring, disaster management, navigation, and communication services. Despite its welfare-enhancing potential, space diplomacy faces challenges including militarization, unequal access, governance gaps, and emerging security risks. The paper argues that strengthening inclusive and transparent space diplomacy frameworks is essential for maximizing regional and global welfare and for ensuring that outer space remains a domain of peaceful cooperation for the benefit of humankind.