Article summary
Abstract
Wetlands are among the Earth’s most productive ecosystems, providing a multitude of ecological functions and supporting rich biodiversity. In the Purvanchal region of India, encompassing eastern Uttar Pradesh and neighbouring parts of Bihar wetlands form an integral part of the Middle Gangetic Plains, acting as critical habitats for flora and fauna, wetlands birds, and local livelihoods. This paper explores the ecology of wetlands in Purvanchal, synthesizing their biophysical characteristics, biodiversity patterns, ecosystem services, threats, and conservation strategies. The ecological significance of prominent wetlands such as Bakhira Bird Sanctuary in eastern Uttar Pradesh and floodplain wetlands like Jagatpur Lake, Ganga Prasad Lake, Ghatora Wetland, and Kanwar Taal in Bihar is discussed in detail. Based on current research and field-based studies, this paper highlights the role of these wetlands in supporting ecosystem processes, regulating hydrology, provisioning resources, and maintaining biodiversity. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for wetland conservation in the Purvanchal region.